Kontinua Physical Domains¶
Kontinua provides seamless access to 16 diverse physical domains totaling 15TB of curated training data. Individual datasets range from 6.9GB to 5.1TB.
The data is provided on uniform grids and sampled at constant time intervals, ensuring that it is directly ingestible by machine learning architectures. Data and associated metadata are stored in self-documenting HDF5 and metadata dataset_name.yaml files. All domains use a shared data specification described in the Data Format guide.
These files include all available state variables or spatially varying coefficients associated with a given set of dynamics in numpy arrays of shape (n_traj, n_steps, coord1, coord2, (coord3)) in single precision fp32. We distinguish between scalar (t0_fields), vector (t1_fields), and tensor-valued fields (t2_fields) due to their different transformation properties.
Each dataset is randomly split into training/testing/validation sets with a respective split of 0.8/0.1/0.1 * n_traj.
Supported Physical Domains¶
| Dataset | CS | Resolution (pixels) | n_steps | n_traj |
|---|---|---|---|---|
acoustic_scattering |
Cartesian 2D | 256 × 256 | 100 | 8,000 |
active_matter |
Cartesian 2D | 256 × 256 | 81 | 360 |
convective_envelope_rsg |
Spherical | 256 × 128 × 256 | 100 | 29 |
euler_multi_quadrants |
Cartesian 2D | 512 × 512 | 100 | 10,000 |
gray_scott_reaction_diffusion |
Cartesian 2D | 128 × 128 | 1,001 | 1,200 |
helmholtz_staircase |
Cartesian 2D | 1,024 × 256 | 50 | 512 |
MHD |
Cartesian 3D | 64³ and 256³ | 100 | 100 |
planetswe |
Angular | 256 × 512 | 1,008 | 120 |
post_neutron_star_merger |
Log-Spherical | 192 × 128 × 66 | 181 | 8 |
rayleigh_benard |
Cartesian 2D | 512 × 128 | 200 | 1,750 |
rayleigh_taylor_instability |
Cartesian 3D | 128 × 128 × 128 | 120 | 45 |
shear_flow |
Cartesian 2D | 128 × 256 | 200 | 1,120 |
supernova_explosion |
Cartesian 3D | 64³ and 128³ | 59 | 1,000 |
turbulence_gravity_cooling |
Cartesian 3D | 64 × 64 × 64 | 50 | 2,700 |
turbulent_radiative_layer_2D |
Cartesian 2D | 128 × 384 | 101 | 90 |
turbulent_radiative_layer_3D |
Cartesian 3D | 128 × 128 × 256 | 101 | 90 |
viscoelastic_instability |
Cartesian 2D | 512 × 512 | variable | 260 |
viscoelastic_instability_v2 |
Cartesian 2D | 512 × 512 | variable | 260 |
Table: Domain description, coordinate system (CS), resolution of snapshots, n_steps (number of time-steps per trajectory), and n_traj (total number of trajectories in the dataset).
Generation Characteristics¶
| Dataset | Size (GB) | Run time (h) | Hardware | Software |
|---|---|---|---|---|
acoustic_discontinuous |
157 | 0.25 | 64 C | Clawpack |
acoustic_inclusions |
283 | 0.25 | 64 C | Clawpack |
acoustic_maze |
311 | 0.33 | 64 C | Clawpack |
active_matter |
51.3 | 0.33 | A100 GPU | Python |
convective_envelope_rsg |
570 | 1460 | 80 C | Athena++ |
euler |
5170 | 80* | 160 C* | ClawPack |
helmholtz_staircase |
52 | 0.11 | 64 C | Python |
MHD_256 |
4580 | 48 | 64 C | Fortran MPI |
MHD_64 |
72 | -- | -- | -- |
gray_scott_reaction_diffusion |
154 | 33* | 40 C | Matlab |
planetswe |
186 | 0.75 | 64 C | Dedalus |
post_neutron_star_merger |
110 | 505* | 300 C* | νbhlight |
rayleigh_benard |
358 | 60* | 768 C* | Dedalus |
rayleigh_taylor_instability |
256 | 65* | 128 C* | TurMix3D |
shear_flow |
115 | 5* | 448 C* | Dedalus |
supernova_explosion_128 |
754 | 4* | 1040 C* | ASURA-FDPS |
supernova_explosion_64 |
268 | 4* | 1040 C* | ASURA-FDPS |
turbulence_gravity_cooling |
829 | 577* | 1040 C* | ASURA-FDPS |
turbulent_radiative_layer_2D |
6.9 | 2* | 48 C | Athena++ |
turbulent_radiative_layer_3D |
745 | 271* | 128 C | Athena++ |
viscoelastic_instability |
66 | 34* | 64 C | Dedalus |
viscoelastic_instability_v2 |
66 | 34* | 64 C | Dedalus |
Table: Information about the simulation software and hardware used to generate the data.